Logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urbanization and human migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and H Ch Minh City, Environment international agreements: Coal reserves, located mainly in the North, have been estimated at 20 billion tons. The first two processing plants for the plan have been contracted to Chalco, a Chinese mining company. party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution (MARPOL 73/78), Wetlands. But there are very few drill holes out there and very little money being spent on exploration.'' As of February 2023, the World Bank has provided US$25.16 billion in grants, concessional loans, and credits to Vietnam through 219 operations since 1993. This pattern of affiliating and adapting was already evident in Vietnams historical relations with China, and it reappeared as descendants of mandarins responded to the challenge of the West by rejecting tradition and becoming communists to combat colonialism. Vietnam is home to the third-largest coal power plant in the world. Indeed, lawyers and foreign miners who have discussed the Mineral Law with officials say the general response is that foreign companies should trust the system. Gold deposits are small. Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): Natural hazards: occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong Delta. The oil and gas industry procures more imported technology and equipment than any other sector. In 2004 branches of foreign and joint-venture banks were allowed to join the Viet Nam Bank Association, and two years later, foreign banks were permitted to offer a full array of banking services. Vietnams principal physiographic features are the Annamese Cordillera (French: Chane Annamitique; Vietnamese: Nui Truong Son), extending generally from northwest to southeast in central Vietnam and dominating the interior, and two extensive alluvial deltas formed by the Red (Hong) River in the north and the Mekong (Cuu Long) River in the south. WebFor the time being, Vietnam has enough of this natural resource to meet its own demands for the next several decades. The same year, the company exported 7.59 million tons of crude oil. Commercially exploitable metals and minerals include iron ore, tin, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, manganese, titanium, chromite, tungsten, bauxite, apatite, graphite, mica, silica sand, and limestone. The Vietnamese Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment manages mining projects. Vietnam occupies a land area of 330,000 sq. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Vietnam is reasonably endowed with mineral resources including many that not been developed. The result: Since the Mineral Law came into effect no big foreign investors have sought mining licences, or even tested the "special rights'' clause. China agreed in 195758 to respect that border line. - CountryReports Countries Activities Sign In Vietnam Natural Resources Vietnam Natural Resource Comparison lang: 1 Back to Vietnam Economy The project leveraged an extensive network of scientists working with farmers to find new production models that best fit the agro-ecological and socioeconomic challenges, and scale them up. Natural hazards such as cold waves, storm surges will increase in frequency, with negative effects on the country's development, infrastructure and economy. The third and fourth subregions consist, respectively, of the poorly drained lowlands in the west and the coastal area, which is marked by the remains of former beach ridges left as the delta expanded. In 2003 mining and quarrying accounted for a 9.4 percent share of gross domestic product (GDP); the sector employed 0.7 percent of the workforce. WebVietnams main natural resources consist of coal, phosphates, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, copper, gold, iron, manganese, silver, zinc, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower . A tributary entering the river at Phnom Penh drains the Tonl Sap, a shallow freshwater lake that acts as a natural reservoir to stabilize the flow of water through the lower Mekong. [Source: Library of Congress, 1987 *], Vietnam's production of crude oil and natural gas was in very preliminary stages in the late 1980s and the amounts of commercially recoverable reserves were not available to Western analysts. Construction of a new line between Yen Vien, near Hanoi, and the northern Vietnamese port of Cai Lan began in 2004. This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. Putting the spotlight back on Asias energy transition. Home Energy By country. [Source: Reuters, July 12, 1999], Although Vietnam is relatively rich in natural resources, the country's protracted state of war has precluded their proper exploitation. \~/, In 2011, the Strait Times reported: Six people died when an illegal gold mine collapsed in central Vietnam, a government official said, in the latest incident of its kind. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit. WebVietnams main natural resources consist of coal, phosphates, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, copper, gold, iron, manganese, silver, zinc, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower . Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Its two main tributaries, the Sng L (also called the Lo River, the Riviere Claire, or the Clear River) and the Sng (also called the Black River or Riviere Noire), contribute to its high water volume, which averages 4,300 cubic meters per second.[3]. Vietnam's major agricultural areas are the Red River delta, the Mekong River delta and the southern terrace region. Despite Asias uptick in coal demand, it would be a mistake to believe the region is stalling on its energy transition goals. In 2004 Vietnam National Petroleum Company aggressively launched several projects aimed to take full advantage of the countrys petroleum resources, including construction of a large oil refinery, a gas-electricity-fertilizer plant, a petrochemical and oil refining plant, and a major oil pipeline. *, Vietnam's ability to exploit its resources diminished in the early 1980s, as production fell from the levels attained between 1976 and 1980. [5]:30 As temperatures vary by altitude, temperatures decrease by 0.5C (1F) for every 100 metres (328ft) increase in altitude. The official Tuoi Tre (Youth) newspaper said the cash or mortgaged assets would be used to ensure firms protected the environment, although it did not say how authorities were entitled to act in the event of non-compliance. Sinic culture seeped deeply into society, but it shaped the aristocracy and mandarinal families more than it did the peasantry, which preserved distinctive customs, beliefs, vocabulary, lifeways, and gender relations. Coffee, once among Vietnams primary generators of export revenue, has begun to rebound after a damaging decline in prices at the end of the 20th century. Generally the coastal strip is fertile and rice is cultivated intensively. The joined Delta of Hong River (Red River) and Thi Bnh River is a flat, triangular region of 15,000 square kilometers. The refractory character of bamboo-hedged peasant communes was captured in the clich, "The emperors writ stops at the village gate.". In the recent years, the oil and gas sector in Vietnam opened to foreign companies. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. [9]:24 Generally, northern parts of the country receive more rainfall than southern parts of the country. Tay Nguyen, Vietnams Central Highlands, has the majority of the reserves. Quang Nam is known for illegal gold extraction. Despite its large reserves, Vietnam produces only 30,000 tons of bauxite per year. The lowlands of southern Vietnam are dominated by alluvial plains, the most extensive of which is the Mekong delta, covering an area of 15,400 square miles (39,900 square km) in Vietnam. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Is Vietnam rich or poor? It was estimated that farming practices supported by the project helped reduce 4.34.4 tons of CO2-equivalent per hectare per year. Located in Southeast Asia, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has an abundant wealth of natural resources including coal, bauxite, oil and gas deposits, copper, hydropower, and timber. WebAgriculture is highly labour-intensive in Vietnam, and much plowing is still done by water buffalo. For centuries these topographical features not only rendered northsouth communication difficult but also formed an effective natural barrier for the containment of the people living in the Mekong basin. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. WebNatural Resources. Urban Development and Disaster Risk Management. Consequently, in a series of systemic changes from 198891, four state-owned commercial banks were created from preexisting institutions, and several joint venture banks were established. A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 3,069km of tidal flats in Vietnam, making it the 10th ranking country in terms of how much tidal flat occurs there. The soils of the Red River delta vary: some are fertile and suitable for intense cultivation, while others lack soluble bases. The project has so far helped improve the physical safety conditions of 438 multi-purpose dams, out of a total of 477 dams supported by the project, protecting approximately 4.3 million people in downstream communities. These amounts generated revenue of $22 billion. Then when we went home, they returned to the gold mine immediately. In early May local media reported that five people died when another illegal gold mine collapsed in Nghe An province of north-central Vietnam. TheVietnam Renewable Energy Development Projectsupported some of the first large-scale private-sector led deployments of renewable energy into Vietnams power mix. In 2003 mining and quarrying accounted for a 9.4 percent share of gross domestic product (GDP); the sector employed 0.7 percent of the workforce. Within the southern portion of Vietnam is a plateau known as the Central Highlands (Ty Nguyn), approximately 51,800 square kilometers of rugged mountain peaks, extensive forests, and rich soil. In addition, 19 small hydropower plants were built with a total capacity of 320MW, which supplied an annual volume of 1,260GWh. Vietnam is deficient, however, in coking coal, which, prior to the outbreak of hostilities with China in 1979, it traditionally imported from the Chinese. Despite Asias uptick in coal demand, it would be a mistake to believe the region is stalling on its energy transition goals. The capital, Hanoi, is located in the north, while the countrys largest city, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), is in the south. One consists of plateaus of approximately 1,700 feet (520 metres) in elevation that have experienced little erosion, as in the Dac Lac Plateau near Buon Me Thuot. It provides new knowledge in areas related to conglomerates, sector-specific issues, and the impact of COVID-19 on businesses. Throughout the 1990s the government further implemented an array of successful policies to control inflation, lower interest rates, decrease the budget deficit, and ultimately stimulate production. Vietnam is a major producer of coal and the government owns all coal in the country. Pop Quiz: 19 Things to Know About the Vietnam War. Most of gold mines are located in northern mountainous provinces including Hoa Binh, Thai Nguyen, Bac Can, Cao Bang and Lang Son, Young People newspaper quoted a report of the Vietnamese Trade Industry. Large deposits of coal have already been surveyed. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. WebVietnam Natural Resources. [5]:33 Drizzle is a weather phenomenon that is characteristic of the weather in winter in the north and north central coast. On the landward side, the Dy Trng Sn rises precipitously above the coast, its spurs jutting into the sea at several places. Formerly a neglected sector under central planning, services began to boom at the end of the 20th century. Once an inlet of the Gulf of Tonkin, it has been filled in by the enormous alluvial deposits of the rivers over a period of millennia, and it advances one hundred meters into the Gulf annually. WebNatural Resources. [5]:27 Many cold fronts can penetrate into Vietnam during winter of which there are three to four occurrences every month in northern Vietnam. For centuries flood control has been an integral part of the delta's culture and economy. +++, The Rare Earth Research and Technology Transfer Center was officially opened in Hanoi on 16 June, kitted out with 420 million yen (US$5.3 million) of equipment. Known until 1975 as the National Bank of Vietnam in the north, the State Bank of Vietnam formerly functioned as a government monopoly in the banking sector. The diking of the Red River to prevent flooding has deprived the deltas rice fields of enriching silts they once received, and it has been necessary to apply chemical fertilizers. The northern section is narrow and very rugged; the country's highest peak, Fan Si Pan, rises to 3,142 meters in the extreme northwest. "Properties of minerals differ between mines, so we aim to establish the optimal methods to produce high-quality rare-earth products," says Yoshiaki Igarashi, chief representative of the Hanoi office of the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, which oversees the new center. The majority of Vietnams export revenues are generated by crude petroleum, garments, footwear, and seafood, and electronic products are of growing importance. The second region is characterized by heavily eroded plateaus: in the vicinity of Pleiku, the Kontum Plateau is about 2,500 feet (760 metres) above sea level; and in the Da Lat area, the Di Linh Plateau is about 4,900 feet (1,500 metres). At the central level, the Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), under the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment (MONRE), is the main body in the Vietnamese Government which issues regulations, Larger ships operate through the countrys major ports, which include Haiphong in the north, Ho Chi Minh City in the south, and Da Nang in central Vietnam. It will be designed around high level outcomes in support of the countrys goals of attaining upper-middle income status by 2030 and high-income status by 2045. Located in Southeast Asia, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has an abundant wealth of natural resources including coal, bauxite, oil and gas deposits, copper, hydropower, and timber. The country is divided into the highlands and the Hong River Delta in the north, the Annamite Range along with the coastal lowlands in the centre, and the Mekong Delta in the south. Vietnam's main natural resources consist of coal, copper, crude oil, gold, iron, manganese, silver, and zinc. The river is heavily silted and is navigable by seagoing craft of shallow draft as far as Kompong Cham in Cambodia. The effect is to reduce significantly the danger of devastating floods in the Mekong delta, where the river floods the surrounding fields each year to a level of one to two meters. WebNatural Resources: phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower Natural Hazards: occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta Irrigated Land: 17,703 Square Miles 45,850 Square Kilometers Environmental Issues: Vietnam electricity, natural gas, oil, energy production and natural resources. Economic reforms since the launch of i Mi in 1986, coupled with beneficial global trends, have helped propel Vietnam from being one of the worlds poorest nations to a middle-income economy in one generation. In addition, miners need a separate investment licence. Vietnam, country occupying the eastern portion of mainland Southeast Asia. The primary agricultural areas are the Red River delta, the Mekong River delta, and the southern terrace region. If you are the copyright owner and would like this content removed from factsanddetails.com, please contact me. It has an exclusive economic zone of 417,663km2 (161,261sqmi) with 200 nautical miles (370.4km; 230.2mi). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Agriculture is highly labour-intensive in Vietnam, and much plowing is still done by water buffalo. There also has been an increase in the number of commercial shrimp farms. Production of electronic equipment and motorcycles has similarly expanded, and in the early years of the 21st century automobile manufacturing has been Vietnams fastest growing industry. [5]:30, Mean annual rainfall in the country ranges from 700 to 5,000mm (28 to 197in) although most places in Vietnam receive between 1,400 to 2,400mm (55 to 94in). In addition, there are special sales taxessome quite highon various goods and activities, such as tobacco, alcohol, playing cards, automobiles, gasoline, certain air conditioners, massage services, and casinos. The Government of Vietnam expects power consumption to grow from 10% to 12% annually until 2030. WebVietnam Natural Resources. WebNatural resources: antimony, phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, arable land Definition: This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance, such as rare earth elements (REEs). Sustainable Development Department, Vietnam Country Office, "The World Bank: Climate-Resilient Development in Vietnam: Strategic Directions for the World Bank", January 2011. The Ministry of Industry and Trade in Vietnam estimates bauxite in the reserves at 5.4 billion tons. By the early 21st century, services accounted for roughly one-fourth of total employment. Following reunification in April 1975, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was established in July 1976. Donate. [5]:3839, During winter, polar air originating from the Siberian High penetrate deeply into the low latitudes, facilitated by the eastern Tibetan Plateau that funnels the air southwards in a northeast direction (the cool air is a wind coming from the northeast). The program supported the government in assessing institutional, policy, and technical gaps for using carbon pricing. Is Vietnam rich or poor? Between 2013 and 2019, more than one million people got access to sustainable water supply systems through 400,000 new functioning water supply connections. Vietnam is the world's largest producer of cashew nuts, the largest producer of black pepper and the second-largest rice and coffee exporter. From north to south the uplands of northern Vietnam can be divided into two distinct regionsthe area north of the Red River and the massif that extends south of the Red River into neighbouring Laos. [5]:26 The South is subdivided into the Southeast for the southeastern provinces and the Mekong Delta for the southwestern provinces. The Annamite Range as a reference, was formally defined by a delimitation treaty signed in 1977 and ratified in 1986. "The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats", "Viet Nam Assessment Report on Climate Change (VARCC)", "Viet Nam's Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "Extreme climatic events over Vietnam from observational data and RegCM3 projections", Groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sea-level rise in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, "Carbon pricing in Vietnam: Options for adoption", Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&oldid=1156151737, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 May 2023, at 12:52. Vietnam is located on the eastern margin of the Indochinese peninsula and occupies about 331,211.6 square kilometers, of which about 25% was under cultivation in 1987. The export of such seafood as shrimp, squid, crab, and lobster has become a major source of foreign exchange. The Vietnam: Plastic Pollution Diagnostics shows that plastic waste is by far the most abundant type of waste collected in river and coastal sites, accounting for 94 percent of the number of items and 71 percent by A new World Bank Poverty and Equity report, From the Last Mile to the Next Mile, assesses Vietnams progress in poverty reduction over the decade to 2020 and examines what is needed to sustain the upward economic World Bank Country Director for Vietnam Carolyn Turk discusses the way forward for Vietnam to cope with an aging society. Situated in the heart of Southeast Asia, with 3,260 km of spectacular coastline, Vietnam offers ideal advantages for economic development, trade and tourism. If you love nature, youll have countless appealing destinations to choose from. About; Subscribe. [6][8] The highest temperatures normally occurs in MarchMay in the south and MayJuly in the north. WebVietnam is experiencing significant economic growth and is rising as one of Asias fastest growing energy markets. [5]:27 Cold weather, occasionally extreme cold can persist for a long time, being characterized by a long stretch of cloudless or partly cloudy days in the first half of winter or a long stretch of cloudy and drizzly conditions in the latter half of winter. Vietnam has long been a major producer of cement. With the cooperation of the Soviet Union, Vietnam began exploitation of a reported 1-billion-ton offshore oil find southeast of the Vung Tau-Con Dao Special Zone. In the first decade after reunification, the value of exports was only one-third that of imports. Other resources affected were coal, sand, and precious stones such as rubies and diamonds. [5]:27 Cold weather occurs more frequently in the north than in the south due to cold fronts can not reach the south. Heavy government investment in highway construction and upgrades, especially since the late 1990s, has allowed the countrys total road length to increase rapidlyby nearly half between 1999 and 2004. TheMekong Delta Integrated Climate Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Project,launched in 2016, has helped more than one million farmers in the region transition into more climate-resilient and resource-efficient ways of living. Research Anthropologist, the RAND Corporation, Saigon, 196473. Coffee and tea are grown in the central highlands. Vietnam's human rights record is being scrutinized ahead of $15 billion climate deal. If you love nature, youll have countless appealing destinations to choose from. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Modeled on that of China's, this ancient system has sustained a highly concentrated population and has made double-cropping wet-rice cultivation possible throughout about half the region. The elongated roughly S shaped country has a north-to-south distance of 1,650km (1,030mi) and is about 50km (31mi) wide at the narrowest point. The southern portion has numerous spurs that divide the narrow coastal strip into a series of compartments. The terrace region includes the alluvial plains along the Saigon and Dong Nai rivers. Currently, the country is home to the worlds third largest coal power plant after China and India. Food and beverage processing is the largest industrial activity in Vietnam. Prime Minister Nguyen Ta'n Dung has approved several large mining projects for the Central Highlands, asserting that bauxite exploitation is "a major policy of the party and the state." Vietnamese citizens and resident foreigners are subject to progressive taxation, while nonresident foreigners are taxed at a fixed rate on income earned in Vietnam. The plan will cost the country about $15.6 billion. [5]:35, Coastline: 3,444km (2,140mi) (excludes islands), Natural resources: phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, Total renewable water resources: 864.1km3 (2011). The World Bank has worked closely with Vietnam to address the last mile chronic challenges in poverty eradication. Vietnam: Energy Country Profile. Among the territorial infringements cited was the Chinese occupation in January 1974 of the Paracel Islands, claimed by both countries in a dispute left unresolved in the 1980s. By the time of project closing, more than 220,000 farm households had adopted GAP over 255,000 hectares farmland, farming profit increased by more than 20 percent, CO2e emission reduced by over 1.5 million tons from rice farming annually. Vietnam: Energy Country Profile. Other beverages and a variety of condiments also are produced in significant quantities. The Na Pai area in Lang Son has an estimated gold reserve of 30 tons, but the country finds it hard to exploit gold there, since the exploitation requires complex technologies. Kapok trees are found in many villages, and the Vietnamese cultivate areca palms and betel peppers for their nuts and leaves and mulberry bushes to feed silkworms. Ensure environmental sustainability and resilience. Along the coast of central Vietnam are regosols (soft, undeveloped soils) and noncalcic brown soils. \~/, Vietnam's first gold plant with an annual refining capacity of 180,000 tons became operational in central Quang Nam province in early April. Vietnam experienced a period of prolonged warfare in the mid-20th century, and a partitioning (195475), first militarily and later politically, into the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, better known as North Vietnam, and the Republic of Vietnam, usually called South Vietnam. Specific details of research at the center are still under wraps, but work will involve establishing core technologies to separate and concentrate the prized elements, he adds. WebVietnams main natural resources consist of coal, phosphates, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, copper, gold, iron, manganese, silver, zinc, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower . Vietnam electricity, natural gas, oil, energy production and natural resources. Some of the products to receive a tax raise included iron from 12% to 15%, gold from 15% to 20%, and bronze from 13% to 18%. WebNatural resources: antimony, phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, arable land Definition: This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance, such as rare earth elements (REEs). The Mekong Delta, covering about 40,000 square kilometers, is a low-level plain not more than three meters above sea level at any point and criss-crossed by a maze of canals and rivers. South Korea had the largest new investment in Vietnam at US$1.1 billion. The government is motivated by its socialist identity to be more rigorous than most developing countries in enforcing workers rights. Nature striking scenery One thing is for sure, Vietnam is a country of diversity. In 2003 mining and quarrying accounted for a 9.4 percent share of gross domestic product (GDP); the sector employed 0.7 percent of the workforce. [6][7][8][11] These climatic regions are based on time of rainy season and other climatic elements such as insolation, sunshine, temperature, precipitation, and humidity. According to estimates by Vietnam's Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam's reserves in the Central Highlands amount to 5.4 billion tons. The World Bank supports Vietnams efforts to provide quality, affordable health care services for all citizens. It also helped develop the main building blocks for carbon pricing including data collection, measuring, reporting, verifying, and crediting process. The main mineral exports in the country are coal and petroleum. Updates? The Red River forms a deep, relatively wide valley that runs in a straight northwest-southeast direction for much of its course from the Chinese border to the edge of its delta. Vietnamese general Vo Nguyen Giap has offered strong criticism of the plans, saying that a 1980s study led to experts advising against mining due to severe ecological damage. At Phnom Penh it merges with the Tonl Sap and divides into two branches the Sng Hu Giang (Hu Giang river) (known as the Bassac River on the Cambodian side) and the Sng Tin Giang (Tin Giang river) and continues through Cambodia and the Mekong basin before draining into the South China Sea through nine mouths known as the Cu Long (nine dragons). But "the [Japanese] governments involvement in rare-earth research in Vietnam reflects a rapidly growing sense of crisis in Japan" that the island nation will face a serious supply crunch, says Watanabe. And it was considered mandatory to bring nay fine specimens to the emperor.". Vietnam has a long history of affiliating with a dominant civilization and adapting that civilizations ideas, institutions, and technology to Vietnamese purposes. and measures 1,650 km from its northern border with China to its southernmost tip at the Eastern Sea. It also focused on creating an enabling infrastructure network and improving regional cooperation on water and land management. Rice is the most important crop. But the conditions of that licence cannot be negotiated until after exploration, leaving miners exposed to the risk of unfavorable terms on royalties, taxes and other obligations after having sunk funds into exploration. Vietnam: Energy Country Profile. Sometimes, there were 200 to 300 people working in the gold mine. The spectacular Bn Gic Waterfall is 272km north of Hanoi and few tourists are seen there. In one celebrated case, the government in 1997 sentenced the foreign floor manager of a foreign contractor of a multinational corporation to six months in jail for compelling workers to run laps if they did not wear regulation shoes. The Vietnamese Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment manages mining projects. Vietnam is home to the third-largest coal power plant in the world. Industry executives also say that Vietnam is only focused on attracting big mining players, not realising that a lot of exploration, especially in remote areas, is conducted by nimble entrepreneurial companies. The 2022 Vietnam Poverty & Equity Assessment From the Last Mile to the Next Mile reviews a decade of progress, highlights remaining Last Mile chronic poverty reduction challenges, and discusses challenges and opportunities for Next Mile development aspirations. Economic reforms since the launch of i Mi in 1986, coupled with beneficial global trends, have helped propel Vietnam from being one of the worlds poorest nations to a middle-income economy in one generation. [5]:27 This leads to cold temperatures where temperatures drop by 4 to 5C (7 to 9F). WebAgriculture is highly labour-intensive in Vietnam, and much plowing is still done by water buffalo. [Source: Reuters, November 3, 1999], According to the United States Geological Survey, Vietnam is estimated to hold the world's third-largest bauxite ore reserves, after Guinea and Australia. WebVietnam is experiencing significant economic growth and is rising as one of Asias fastest growing energy markets. [5]:30 Many mountainous areas in the north have experienced subzero conditions. Long-distance cycling and motorbike trips are ideal for soaking up views of gaping mountain passes and sun-drenched rice fields. Following reunification and the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976, the government made a concerted effort rapidly to transform the privately owned, capitalist industry in the south into a state-owned, state-run sector. Coffee and tea are grown in the central highlands. [5]:28 These storms and cyclones then move westwards towards Vietnam. Market reforms of the 1980s and 90s brought exponential growth in Vietnams telecommunications sector. Vietnams rural electrification programs have also been highly successful, supplying the great bulk of households with electricity by the early 21st century. The Vietnam Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) proposes pathways to help the country meet its ambition of becoming a high-income economy by 2045 while mitigating and building resilience to climate change. [9]:24, Based on geographic and climatic conditions, there are seven different climatic regions in Vietnam:[5]:26[10] Northwest, Northeast, North Delta (Red River Delta), North Central (North Central Coast), South Central (South Central Coast), Central Highlands, and the South. In the two large delta regions, where most of the population is concentrated, a vast network of navigable rivers and canals is integral to local transportation. The Government of Vietnam expects power consumption to grow from 10% to 12% annually until 2030. socialist republic with one legislative house (National Assembly [500]), Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, GlobalSecurity.org - Vietnam - Introduction, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Vietnam, Vietnam - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Such material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of country or topic discussed in the article. Resources. The report also said prospecting fees were excessive while Hanoi's right to ban or restrict export of raw minerals increased risks for miners. The project supported a total area of nearly 95,000 hectares, enabling the application of climate-smart agricultural practices by nearly 252,000 farmer households. The Red River, rising in China's Yunnan Province, is about 1,200 kilometers long. Despite this massive amount of bauxite, there is an annual production of 30,000 tons. +, See Blocking a Bauxite Mine: Rallying Point for Vietnamese Environmentalists. WebVietnam: Many of us want an overview of how much energy our country consumes, where it comes from, and if were making progress on decarbonizing our energy mix. Plywood, lumber, and rattan products also contribute to the economy. Located in Southeast Asia, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has an abundant wealth of natural resources including coal, bauxite, oil and gas deposits, copper, hydropower, and timber. The official said the victims were members of an ethnic minority, a segment of the population which the United Nations says is far more likely to live in poverty. The project provided early-stage investment and technical support to build the requisite capacity and incentives among all stakeholders for scaled-up development. With a coastline of 3,260km (2,030mi), excluding islands, Vietnam claims 12 nautical miles (22.2km; 13.8mi) as the limit of its territorial waters, an additional 12 nautical miles (22.2km; 13.8mi) as a contiguous customs and security zone. Nature striking scenery One thing is for sure, Vietnam is a country of diversity. This constitutes 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. Vietnam is a country of tropical lowlands, hills, and densely forested highlands, with level land covering less than 20% of the area. Most of these products fuel the countrys expanding industrial sector. Through a grant from thePandemic Emergency Financing Facility, the World Bank helped ramp up testing capacity for 84 laboratories nation-wide, cutting the turnaround time from 24 to 48 hours to four to six hours. Ethnic Chinese, despite the persecution and exodus of the late 1970s, have capitalized on liberalizing reforms and contacts with the Chinese diaspora to recover an important role in business, commerce, and trade. The chemical industry has been growing, with fertilizer being its most important product. The plant, owned by a joint venture between two local companies and a Canadian one, is exploiting ores from the Bong Mieu gold mine with an estimated reserve of at least eight tons of gold to produce 600 kg of the precious metal annually. The production of rubber was disrupted by the war but has been restored in the central highlands and southern terrace regions. Vietnams aggressive reform measures increased exports and narrowed the trade deficit considerably. The main mineral exports in the country are coal and petroleum. Vietnam has indicated that it needs about $15.6 billion to invest in major bauxite and alumina refining projects by 2025. What Are The Major Natural Resources Of Vietnam? Corrections? Vietnam is the world's largest producer of cashew nuts, the largest producer of black pepper and the second-largest rice and coffee exporter. The southern portion of the Annamese Cordillera has two identifiable regions. According to government statistics, coal mining employed 31% of the workforce in the mining and quarrying sector. By early 1987, the Vietnamese were exporting crude oil for the first time in shipments to Japan. Vietnams existing portfolio consists of 23 active IDA/IBRD financed projects, with a net commitment of US$4.33 billion. and measures 1,650 km from its northern border with China to its southernmost tip at the Eastern Sea. Oil is being exploited by the PetroVietnam state monopoly while Vinacomin is the state owned giant that is in charge of the exploitation of Vietnams mineral and coal resources. ==, Besides the problems with mining and investment licences, areas allocated for prospecting were too small and the duration of exploration licences too short. [6] The diverse topography, wide range of latitudes (Vietnam spans over 15 of latitude), and influences from the South China Sea lead to climatic conditions varying significantly between regions. [10] Generally, these seven different climatic regions are grouped into two main types: The North (includes Northwest, Northeast, North Delta (Red River Delta), North Central (North Central Coast)) which includes all areas north of the Hi Vn Pass and the South (South Central Coast, Central Highlands and the extreme south) which includes all areas south of the Hi Vn Pass. The president of the VGCL is usually a member of the party central committee. There are several other good ports, including Cam Ranh, a superb natural harbour developed extensively by the Americans during the war. Donate. A law on corporate income tax adopted in 2003 lowered the standard tax rate for all legal entities, including foreign-invested firms. [5]:30[9]:24 At the highest altitudes in the Hoang Lien Son range, mean annual temperatures is only 8C (46F). Smaller deltaic plains also occur along the south-central coast facing the South China Sea. WebNatural Resources. In addition, the company has acquired several long-range aircraft to handle more direct flights to Europe and North America. This report suggests that Vietnams growth goals are achievable in a time of climate change, but will require significant reforms and investments. Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Program Officer, Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam. Several spurs jut into the South China Sea, forming sections of the coast isolated from one another. Although hundreds of thousands of service jobs were added to Vietnams employment market in 2006, sectoral growth continued to lag behind demand, posing a threat to broader economic development. [Source: Ichiko Fuyuno, Nature, July 13, 2012 +++], Most of the elements are actually more abundant in Earth's crust than precious metals such as gold or platinum, but the properties of the 17 rare-earth elements are so similar to each other that extracting and purifying them requires sophisticated processes. To learn more about cookies, click here. [5]:28 On average, Vietnam is affected by six to eight typhoons or tropical cyclones per year. [6][7][8] In addition, temperate climate exists in mountainous areas, which are found in Sa Pa and Da Lat, while a more continental climate exists in Lai Chu Province and Sn La Province. The boundary with Laos was settled on both an ethnic and geographical basis between the rulers of Vietnam and Laos in the mid-seventeenth century. However, rapid industrialization fueled by foreign direct investment caused the deficit to begin growing again. There are a lot of vested interests in mining,'' Maclean told Reuters. Although agriculture still employs more than half of the population and manufacturing accounts for a mere 8 percent of all employment, the output value of both manufacturing and services surpassed that of agriculture in the early 1990s. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. com, Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, CIA World Factbook, Comptons Encyclopedia, The Guardian, National Geographic, Smithsonian magazine, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, AFP, Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic Monthly, The Economist, Global Viewpoint (Christian Science Monitor), Foreign Policy, Wikipedia, BBC, CNN, Fox News and various websites, books and other publications identified in the text. Two railways connect northern Vietnam to southern China; one track leads to Yunnan province, the other terminates in the Guangxi autonomous region. Because trade with these areas was drastically reduced, Vietnam shifted its orientation more heavily toward Asia, and was admitted to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1995. During COVID-19, the World Bank conducted seven rounds of household high-frequency surveys, and five rounds of Business Pulse Surveys. The confederation is a constituent of the Vietnam Fatherland Front, a communist party coalition, and is under the partys firm control. WebVietnam is experiencing significant economic growth and is rising as one of Asias fastest growing energy markets. Deforestation and soil degradation, however, threaten the viability of the industry, especially as domestic demand for forest products rises. Two of the projects in Dak Nong and Lam Dong provinces will produce about 600,000 tons per year. Nonetheless, the delta soils are easily worked. Mining of rare-earth elements is dominated by China, which produces 98 percent of the world's supply of these metals. Forestry is of major importance, primarily serving the domestic market. Since the early 1990s, the contribution of services to GDP has surpassed that of agriculture and matched or exceeded that of industry. If you love nature, youll have countless appealing destinations to choose from. Other important manufactures include footwear, tobacco products, paints, soaps, and pharmaceuticals. WebNatural resources: phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower Land use : Arable land: 19.64% Permanent crops: 11.18% Other: 69.18% (2011) Irrigated land: 45,850 km 2 (2005) Total renewable water resources: 864.1 km 3 (2011) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural) : The Vietnam General Confederation of Labour (VGCL) is the sole legal national trade union, and all unions must affiliate with it. [12] A large number of studies show that Vietnam is experiencing climate change and will be severely negatively affected in coming decades. The Vietnamese Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment manages mining projects. WebVietnam: Many of us want an overview of how much energy our country consumes, where it comes from, and if were making progress on decarbonizing our energy mix. Vietnam has been a development success story. Gray podzolic soils are found in parts of the central highlands and in old terraces along the Mekong, while regurs (rich black loams) and lateritic soils occur in both the central highlands and the terrace zone. The northwestern section has the highest and most broken terrain, and its extensive natural levees invite settlement despite frequent flooding. Climate change in Vietnam is having considerable environmental, economic and social impacts. Progress on all these projects, however, has been slow. These central mountains, which have several high plateaus, are irregular in elevation and form. WebGeography, climate, natural resources. Nature striking scenery One thing is for sure, Vietnam is a country of diversity. PetroVietnam produced 7.3% more crude oil in 2016 than in 2015, and about 376.81 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Vietnam also has more ambitious targets for renewable energy due to its rich wind resources and potential. Resources. Machinery, petroleum products, iron, steel, garments, and leather account for the bulk of Vietnams imports. They said a critical problem was the 1996 Mineral Law, which governs mining in communist-ruled Vietnam. Although these reserves have yet to be exploited fully, they have propelled a rapid increase in crude petroleum production. Compared with the area north of the Red River, the vast massif extending southwest across Laos to the Mekong River is of considerably higher elevation. Fields, groves, and kitchen gardens throughout Vietnam include a wide variety of fruit trees (banana, orange, mango, jackfruit, and coconut) and vegetables. WebVietnams main natural resources consist of coal, phosphates, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, copper, gold, iron, manganese, silver, zinc, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Tribal Viets inhabiting the Red River delta entered written history when Chinas southward expansion reached them in the 3rd century bce. Nearly half a million students from these two universities and the National Economics University have benefited from the projects interventions through enhanced learning experience while 18 training programs have been granted international accreditations. In addition, about 1.4 million people in 203 communes gained access to commune-wide sanitation. WebFor the time being, Vietnam has enough of this natural resource to meet its own demands for the next several decades. Several ports in the Mekong delta are scheduled for expansion to accommodate oceangoing vessels. Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi have international airports. km. The main mineral exports in the country are coal and petroleum. The Bank also provides strategic advice for Vietnam on how to prepare its workforce for future jobs, including through major investments in universities and advisory services & analytics on skills development for Vietnam. An official Vietnamese source estimates the amount of sediment deposited annually to be about 1 billion cubic meters, or nearly thirteen times the amount deposited by the Red River. Import and export tariffs began to fall in 2006 to comply with the requirements of the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement and WTO membership. 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