[49] Moreover, Germany has Europe's third-largest Jewish population (after France and the United Kingdom).[50]. note: data are in current year dollars$1.816 trillion (2019 est.) )imports: 48.047 billion kWh (2020 est. [30], Bismarck underestimated the resolve of the Catholic Church and did not foresee the extremes that this struggle would entail. [19], In 1608/1609 the Protestant Union and the Catholic League formed. Piwik is not available or is blocked. However, the total number of these followers in Germany is comparatively low. )arable land: 34.1% (2018 est. )wine: 3.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. In the territories of Germany under the control of the Roman Empire (the provinces Raetia, Germania Superior and Germania Inferior), early Christianity was introduced and began to flourish after the fourth century. Due to a generation behind the Iron Curtain, Protestant areas of the former states of Prussia were much more affected by secularism than predominantly Catholic areas. Germany is a multilingual country with about 67% of the Germans having the ability to speak at least one foreign language. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [93], Islam is the largest non-Christian religion in the country. 84 percent of the worlds population belong to a religion a percentage that is rising all the time. [17] Luther translated the Bible from Latin to German, establishing the basis of the modern German language. ), emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power by 2022; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive, party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 11.71 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. About 60 percent of Germans believe in God. There are around 270.000 Buddhists who are living in Germany.[48]. In 1844 alone, half a million pilgrims made a pilgrimage to the city of Trier in the Rhineland to view the Seamless robe of Jesus, said to be the robe that Jesus wore on the way to his crucifixion. [79] Christianity is the dominant religion of Western Germany, excluding Hamburg, which has a non-religious plurality. Around 36 percent of the population are already unaffiliated with any religion. 26:01 COVID and climate change For most devout Germans (75%), the coronavirus pandemic has done nothing to change their faith, it was also reported. [44] This initiative began after the day had been held as a nationwide holiday in 2017, due to the 500th Reformation anniversary of the Reformation, and also due to the fact that the northern German states have significantly fewer holidays than the southern ones. [2], Demographers estimate that in Germany there are around 100,000 religious Jews (Judaism), and a further 90.000 ethnic Jews with no religion, around 100,000 Yazidis, 130,000 Hindus, and 270,000 Buddhists. ), $2.004 trillion (2021 est.) Among Christians Catholics are at 26%, next are the Evangelical Church of Germany (EKD) (23.7%), Eastern Orthodox (1.9%), and other Christians. [12], Religious communities which are of sufficient size and stability and which are loyal to the constitution can be recognised as Krperschaften ffentlichen Rechtes (statutory corporations). Many were Germanic neopagans. ), total: 47.8 yearsmale: 46.5 yearsfemale: 49.1 years (2020 est. Territories of the present-day Germany, like much of Europe, were entirely Roman Catholic with religious break-offs being suppressed by both the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor. Christianity is the largest religion in Germany and as per the 2021 survey around 52.7% of the population are Christians. Perceptions on religious identity and being German in 2018. From 1941 to the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, they were actively massacred during the Holocaust. In 1873, Bismarck, as prime minister of Prussia, launched further anti-church measures: Public schools and the registration of births, marriages and deaths were transferred from religious authorities (including the Protestant state church) to the state. [11], Nearly half of Germans have no religion. In the eastern state of Saxony-Anhalt. Excluded members of any non-Christian religion living in East Germany. [97] In 1910, about 600,000 Jews lived in Germany. Bttner, Manfred. In 1840, the new King Frederick William IV sought reconciliation and ended the controversy by agreeing to most of the Catholic demands. )biomass and waste: 10.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. )$51,800 (2020 est. Germany Religion - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System, society. )percent of population: 91% (2021 est. The second-largest religion is Islam, and only a small part of religious groups in Germany include Judaism. Lutheransthat is to say, Lutheran estates and governmentssought to extend the rights they had won in 1555 to parts of Germany that were still Roman Catholic. Projection for 2020 (Pew Research Center, based on 2010 baseline estimates) [2] Prevailing religious population by country [citation needed] Pew Research Center made its "Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050" [3] based on 2010 baseline estimates. After 1871, there was a systematic purge of Catholics; in the powerful interior ministry, which handled all police affairs, the only Catholic was a messenger boy.[27][28]. Throughout history, in modern Germany several census had been carried out. )$274.2 billion (2020 est. The majority of Germans identify as Christian Roughly 45.7 million Germans identify as Christian, be they Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox or non-denominational. Islam - 4.9% Islam in Germany is the largest non-Christian minority religion, with a 4.9% share of the German population adhering to Islam. The churches themselves brought this about in Baden, Nassau, and Bavaria. Religion in Germany (2021 estimate)[1][2], Christianity is the largest religion in Germany. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.14% (2021 est. Eberle, Edward J. It had a pantheon of deities that included Donar/Thunar, Wuotan/Wodan, Frouwa/Frua, Balder/Phol/Baldag, and others shared with northern Germanic paganism. Religion in Germany and the Religions for Peace World Assembly. )imports of goods and services: -39.7% (2017 est. The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro. [33] The conflict ended after 1879 for two reasons: Pope Pius IX died in 1878 and was succeeded by the more conciliatory Pope Leo XIII. Most of the different Buddhist schools and organisation in Germany are members of the non-profit association Deutsche Buddhistische Union e.V. Die 15. ), total subscriptions: 106.4 million (2021 est. ), 11.97 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est. The Central Council of Jews urged Jewish Germans to avoid wearing their kippahs in public. [2][94] The majority of Muslims in Germany are of Turkish origin, followed by those from Pakistan, countries of the former Yugoslavia, Arab countries, Iran, and Afghanistan. [48] Most of them are Tamil Hindus from Sri Lanka (around 42,000 to 45,000); from India are around 35,000 to 40,000; of German or European origin are around 7,500 and around 5,000 Hindus are originally from Afghanistan. Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 23.7%, Muslim 3.6%, other 4.8%, none 41.9% (2021 est. It restored Catholicism to many areas, including Bavaria. Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Deutschland K.d..R. Finally, between 1872 and 1878, numerous Catholic newspapers were confiscated, Catholic associations and assemblies were dissolved, and Catholic civil servants were dismissed merely on the pretence of having Ultramontane sympathies.[29]. Other German states followed through with similar measures. [3] In 2021, around 52.7% of the population were Christians among them 49.7% members of the two large Christian churches. Muslims represent the largest non-Christian religious group in Germany. [2] The rest of the population is not affiliated with any church, and many are atheist, agnostic, or otherwise irreligious. West Germany, officially known as the Federal Republic of Germany, adopted a constitution in 1949 which protected freedom of religion and adopted the regulations of the Weimar Constitution;[41] consequently,[citation needed] secularisation in West Germany proceeded slowly. ), total population: 81.72 yearsmale: 79.37 yearsfemale: 84.2 years (2023 est. Since the reformation until the 1960s the majority of the German population was Protestant (mainly Lutherans belonging to the Evangelical Church in Germany) while approximatively one third of the population was Catholic. [2][5], According to other estimates, Orthodox Christianity has 1.6 million members or 1.9% of the population. )investment in inventories: -0.5% (2017 est. Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. We present the facts. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Constance (shared with Switzerland and Austria) - 540 sq kmsalt water lake(s): Stettiner Haff/Zalew Szczecinski (shared with Poland) - 900 sq km, Danube river source (shared with Austria, Slovakia, Czechia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Elbe river mouth (shared with Czechia [s]) - 1,252 km; Rhine (shared with Switzerland [s], France, and Netherlands [m]) - 1,233 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia, strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany - the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe - flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward, German 86.3%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, Romanian 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.9% (2020 est. )methane emissions: 49.92 megatons (2020 est. There is a non-religious majority in Hamburg, Bremen, Berlin, Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Among Catholics there was a sharp increase in popular pilgrimages. [90][2][48] Before World War II, about two-thirds of the German population was Protestant and one-third was Roman Catholic. There was a movement to unite the larger Lutheran and the smaller Reformed Protestant churches. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. Demographics of religion in Germany vary greatly by region and age, with sharp divides that reflect both the country's history as an Enlightenment hub and its later experiences with post-war communism. [37] Those who left the churches were designated as Gottglubig: they believed in a higher power, often a creator-God with a special interest in the German nation, but did not belong to any church, nor were they atheists. In a series of proclamations over several decades the Evangelical Church of the Prussian Union was formed, bringing together the more numerous Lutherans and the less numerous Reformed Protestants. This gained strong support from German liberals, who saw the Catholic Church as the bastion of reaction and their greatest enemy. German is the major language spoken in Germany. 2. . )crude oil estimated reserves: 115.2 million barrels (2021 est. 's 2001 Making the Crooked Straight was written to refute a polemic supported by the Evangelical Church in Germany written in 1981. As of 2021, Christianity, with around 44.9 million members, was the largest religion in Germany (52.7% of the population) [2][48][5] Consequently, a majority of the German people belong to a Christian community, although many of them take no active part in church life. [48] This makes the German Yazidi community one of the largest Yazidi communities in the Yazidi diaspora. [48], Religion in Germany 2016 by the German General Social Survey:[67], In 2016, the survey Politbarometer provided data regarding religion in each of the states of Germany for adults who are entitled to vote (18+), as reported in the table below. 1. Germany: German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, Italian 0.7%, Greek 0.4%, Polish 0.4%, other 4.6%: The Catholic element, in turn, saw the National Liberals as its worst enemy and formed the Center Party. )imports: 83.12 billion cubic meters (2020 est. That's nearly 55 percent of. Christianity in Germany. By 1963, the percentage of the population that belonged to other religions had declined by 15 points, nearly matching . [15], During the Carolingian period, Christianity spread throughout Germany, particularly during the reign of Charlemagne (r. 768814). ), milk, pork, wheat, beef, potatoes, barley, rapeseeds, chicken, eggs, sugar beets, automotive, mechanical engineering, chemicals, electrical and batteries, manufacturing, metals, finance and banking, telecommunications, healthcare, retail, agriculture: 1.4%industry: 24.2%services: 74.3% (2016), 3.54% (2021 est. )carbon dioxide emissions: 727.97 megatons (2016 est. Tens of thousands migrated to South Australia and the United States, where they formed the Missouri Synod. In: Deutsche Shell Jugend 2006. )industry: 30.7% (2017 est. Calvinist), and United (Lutheran & Reformed/Calvinist) churches, with Baptists, Pentecostals, Methodists, and various other Protestants being only a recent development. Germans could now change their religious affiliation through the civil registry. only 19.7% belong to the two main denominations of the country. 900 representatives of different religions, governments and institutions will be taking part. ), euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.845 (2021 est. Religion Statistics Structures & Buildings Travel World Rulers People. )government consumption: 19.5% (2017 est. (male 8,784,872/female 10,824,171), total dependency ratio: 56.4youth dependency ratio: 21.7elderly dependency ratio: 34.7potential support ratio: 2.9 (2021 est. [60] According to a 2017 study by the Pew Research Center, around 20% of people who are not registered to any church nonetheless consider themselves Christians. [102] Druze in Germany are mostly of Syrian descent, and they practice Druzism, a monotheistic religion encompasses aspects of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Judaism and Greek philosophy, among influences.[103]. In the 17th and 18th centuries, German cities also became hubs of heretical and sometimes anti-religious freethinking, challenging the influence of religion and contributing to the spread of secular thinking about morality across Germany and Europe. "On the history and philosophy of the geography of religion in Germany.". )female: 19.9% (2020 est. John C.G. Frankfurt a.M. 2006. "Free Exercise of Religion in Germany and the United States." [2][48][5], The second largest religion in Germany is Islam, with around 3.04.7 million adherents (3.65.7% of the population), almost all of whom have full or partial foreign background. Since its publication the Evangelical Church in Germany has revised its own relationship to the German Bah' Community. In 1997, the parliament set up a commission for Sogenannte Sekten und Psychogruppen (literally "so-called sects and psychic groups"), which in 1998 delivered an extensive report on the situation in Germany regarding NRMs. Germany. Because of this, Protestantism is now strongest in two strips of territory in the former West Germany, one extending from the Danish border to Hesse, and the other extending northeastsouthwest across southern Germany. )$4.311 trillion (2020 est. )from consumed natural gas: 192.181 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. [26], Catholics, although about a third of the national population, were seldom allowed to hold major positions in the Imperial government or the Prussian government. )hydroelectricity: 4.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )consumption: 8.755 billion cubic meters (2020 est. )$224.028 billion (31 December 2019 est. Jews were 83,430 people or 0.1%, and 4,137,140 or 5.2% were members of other religions. [48] Many Sikhs in Germany have their roots from Punjab region in the north of India, as well as from Pakistan and Afghanistan. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, United Kingdom 6% (2020), cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, aircraft, industrial machinery, medical instruments (2021), $1.775 trillion (2021 est.) Oorzaken"; "holocaust". Most of them are followers of the Buddhist school of Theravada especially from Sri Lanka. )67.9% of GDP (2016 est. )note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank, $313.754 billion (2021 est. As of 2021, 34.9 million or 41.9% of the Germans are irreligious. ), $5,671,463,000,000 (2019 est. In the early 16th century abuses (such as selling indulgences in the Catholic Church) occasioned much discontent, and a general desire for reform emerged. )imports: 31.503 million metric tons (2020 est. In 1547 the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V defeated the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Protestant rulers. ), 67% (2018)note: percent of women aged 18-49, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 100% of populationtotal: 100% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 0% of populationtotal: 0% of population (2020 est. Please check your adblocker settings. All the same, the state and religion are not strictly separated in Germany. Jews whose religious status is not ascertained 90,000. Christianity is the most widespread religion in Germany. Subscribe here: Religions for Peace will be meeting in Lindau in 2019. About ninety thousand Jews from the former Eastern Bloc, mostly from ex-Soviet Union countries, settled in Germany since the fall of the Berlin Wall. According to a survey among German youths (aged 12 to 24) in the year 2006, most German youths are non-religious (51%). ), urban population: 77.8% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. There is a large Yazidi community in Germany, estimated to be numbering around 100,000 people. Earlier, these freedoms were mentioned only in state constitutions. [4] [5] About half of Christians in Germany are Catholics, mostly Roman Catholics; Catholicism is stronger in the southern and the western part of the country. You would like to receive regular information about Germany? As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Among younger Germans, some 12% said their faith. Generally speaking, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism are considered the five major world religions, although Sikhism, Shintoism, or Taoism may also be studied in this field. )consumption: 145.379 million metric tons (2020 est. Two thirds of people still claim to be religious", "Europe's Young Adults and Religion: Findings from the European Social Survey (201416) to inform the 2018 Synod of Bishops", "European Social Survey, Online Analysis", "Konfession, Bundesland weighted (Kumulierter Datensatz)", "Belief about God across Time and Countries, Tom W. Smith, University of Chicago, 2012", "WHY EASTERN GERMANY IS THE MOST GODLESS PLACE ON EARTH", "East Germany the "most atheistic" of any region", "Being Christian in Western Europe Topline (survey among 24,599 adults (age 18+) across 15 countries in Western Europe)", Numbers and Facts about Church Life in the EKD 2020 Report, "Union of Evangelical Free Churches (Baptists) in Germany", "Evangelical Lutheran Free ChurchGermany", "REMID Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst Mitgliederzahlen: Orthodoxe, Orientalische und Unierte Kirchen", "Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland: Kirchenmitgliederzahlen am 31.12.2004", "REMID Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst Mitgliederzahlen: Islam", "Islam and Muslims in Germany: Muslims in German History until 1945", Moschee in Wilmersdorf: Mit Kuppel komplett, "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "Germany's Jews urged not to wear kippahs after attacks", "Drusentum - Die geheime Religion (2020)", "Dating Druze: The struggle to find love in a dwindling diaspora", BVerfG, Urteil v. 26.06.2002, Az. The centrality of religion in Germany has meant that religious leaders, especially the Roman Catholic hierarchy, sometimes exercise considerable influence on political decisions on social issues such as abortion. )transmission/distribution losses: 25.97 billion kWh (2020 est. The German Freethinkers League attained about 500,000 members, many of whom were atheists, before the organisation was shut down by the Nazis in May 1933. [21][22][23], From the religious point of view of the typical Catholic or Protestant, major changes were underway in terms of a much more personalised religiosity that focused on the individual more than the church or the ceremony. [2][48] At the end of 2021, 34.9 million or 41.9% of the country's population were not affiliated with any church or religion. )nuclear: 11.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), revenues: $1.785 trillion (2020 est. agriculture: 0.7% (2017 est. Of this percentage of Christians, 30% are Roman Catholics while Protestants account for a slightly lesser percentage of 29%. The Thirty Years' War (16181648), one of the most destructive conflicts in European history, played out primarily in German lands, but involved most of the countries of Europe. ), production: 5.129 billion cubic meters (2020 est. In East Germany Protestants outnumbered Roman Catholics about seven to one. In 1517 the Reformation began with the publication of Martin Luther's 95 Theses detailing 95 assertions which Luther believed showed corruption and misguidance within the Catholic Church. ", Kastoryano, Riva. The changes that took place after World War II resulted in Poland becoming a largely homogenous country in terms of religion, with Catholics making up to 86% of the population. [59] Many members choose not to formally register to their church anymore in order to have lighter taxes, since those who opt out aren't obligated to pay the additional church surtax. The dominant religion in Germany is Christianity. [64][2][48] Smaller religious groups include Buddhism (0.20.3%), Judaism (0.1%), Hinduism (0.1%), Yazidis (0.1%) and others (0.4%). The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated some 11,743 Bah's.Following the German reunification in 198991 the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany handed down a judgment affirming the status of the Bah' Faith as a religion in Germany. ), municipal: 10.4 billion cubic meters (2020 est. This figure includes the different denominations of Islam, such as Sunni, Shia, Ahmadi, and Alevi. That number is 29 percent Catholics. Former member of the federal parliament Ernst Ulrich von Weizsaecker commended the ideas of the German Bah' community on social integration, which were published in a statement in 1998, and Chancellor Helmut Kohl sent a congratulatory message to the 1992 ceremony marking the 100th Anniversary of the Ascension of Bah'u'llh. Because of this, Great Britain and France will both surpass Germany's population. [81][82][83], According to a survey by Pew Research Center in 2017, 60% of German adult population believe in God, while 36% do not believe in God (9% don't believe in God but in a higher power, 27% do not believe in God or any higher power):[84]. Religions: Roman Catholic 27.1%, Protestant 24.9%, Muslim 5.2%, Orthodox 2%, other Christian 1%, other 1%, none 38.8% (2019 est.) Data from 1910 to 1939 included non-religious Germans, non-religious Jews, and people of non-Christian religions, while religious Jews were counted separately. The long-term goal was to have fully centralised royal control of all the Protestant churches. )note: data represent population by nationality. For the Nazi movement, see, Paganism and Roman settlement (1000 BC300 AD), Late Roman and Carolingian eras (3001000), Reformation, Counter-Reformation and the Thirty Years' War (15171648), Post-Thirty Years' War period and Protestant church unions (16481871), Kulturkampf and the German Empire (18711918), Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany (19181945), Cold War and contemporary period (1945present). , Nov 10, 2022. Around 59,000 Buddhists are from Thailand who follow the school of Theravada and keep 48 temples in Germany and form one of the largest Buddhist community of Buddhists of Asian origin in Germany. The state takes a neutral and tolerant approach towards all religions. It was introduced to the area of modern Germany by 300 AD, while parts of that area belonged to the Roman Empire, and later, when Franks and other Germanic tribes converted to Christianity from the fifth century onwards. )0.51% (2020 est. This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. )spirits: 1.97 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Much of its impetus came from the newly founded (in 1540) Jesuit order. As of 2006, 1% of the population of North Rhine-Westphalia adheres to new religions or esoteric groups. )$294.407 billion (2019 est. )exports of goods and services: 47.3% (2017 est. ", "A Look at Church Taxes in Western Europe", "Special Eurobarometer 493, pages 229-230", "Allgemeine Bevlkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften ALLBUS 2018", "International Social Survey Programme: Social Networks and Social Resources ISSP 2017", "Politbarometer 2017 (Kumulierter Datensatz)", "Being Christian in Western Europe (survey among 24,599 adults (age 18+) across 15 countries in Western Europe)", "Konfession weighted (Kumulierter Datensatz)", "Allgemeine Bevlkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften ALLBUS 2016", GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Special Eurobarometer 84.3, Discrimination in the EU in 2015, "Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism 2012", "Losing our religion? [37] Although there was no top-down official directive to revoke church membership, some Nazi Party members started doing so voluntarily and put other members under pressure to follow their example. )$53,900 (2019 est. However, certain geographic areas of Germany tend to have more Catholics or Protestants. In addition, there are Hindus in Germany who are followers of New religious movements such as Hare Krishna movement, Bhakti yoga, and Transcendental Meditation. )3.14% (2019 est. )-3.7% (2020 est. Protestants represented a majority (59%) of Germany's population in 1950, with Catholics as a sizable minority (37%), according to research by Detlef Pollack and Olaf Mller, scholars of religion and sociology at the University of Mnster in Germany. Four forces contended for supremacy in the Holy Roman Empire in the aftermath of the Peace of Augsburg. The status mainly applies to the Catholic Church, the mainline Evangelical Church in Germany, a number of free churches, and Jewish communities. Religion and politics, 1555-1618. )0.847 (2018 est. Non-religious people represent the majority in some of Germany's major cities, including Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen, and the absolute majority of 7080% in the eastern states of what between 1949 and 1990 used to be East Germany. By the end of World War II, around 6 million Jews had been killed by the Nazi government.[98]. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2021 est. The Religion and Foreign Policy section at the Federal Foreign Office will be supporting the tenth World Assembly of the Religions for Peace (RfP) organisation from 19 to 23 August in Lindau. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2020 est. . [31][32] The Catholic Church denounced the harsh new laws as anti-catholic and mustered the support of its rank and file voters across Germany. ", Douglas W. Hatfield, "Kulturkampf: The Relationship of Church and State and the Failure of German Political Reform,". Continued development of youth oriented programs included the Diversity Dance Theater (see Oscar DeGruy) which traveled to Albania in February 1997. In a survey, almost 80 percent of young people said that they could live without a religious faith. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. People Overview . [38] Since 1933, Jews in Germany were increasingly marginalised, expelled and persecuted for a combination of religious, racial and economic reasons. The latest census in 2011 found that Christianity was the religion of 53,257,550 people or 66.8% of the total population, among whom 24,869,380 or 31.2% were Catholics, 24,552,110 or 30.8% were Protestants of the Evangelical Church in Germany, 714,360 or 0.9% were members of Protestant free churches, and 1,050,740 or 1.3% were members of Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches. The city Frankfurt is also known to the Sikhs, as Mini Punjab, because of a great Sikh Population, residing there. ), household consumption: 53.1% (2017 est. Religion Christianity is the dominant religion, with 65 to 70 percent of the population identifying themselves as Christian. The two northernmost provinces of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony have the largest percentage of self-reported Lutherans in Germany. note: data are in current year dollars, China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, France 6%, Italy 6% (2020), cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, medical cultures/vaccines, computers (2020), $295.736 billion (31 December 2021 est. [3], From 1545 the Counter-Reformation began in Germany. ), $53,200 (2021 est. Udo Schaefer et al. Germanys basic law guarantees freedom of religion for all. In the following elections, the Center Party won a quarter of the seats in the Imperial Diet. With a view to strengthening the constructive, peace-promoting potential of religious communities, the Federal Foreign Office is building up an international and interreligious network of religious representatives. Almost 30 million Germans, i.e. [46], Nowadays, Protestants are concentrated in northern and central Germany, while Catholics are predominant in the south and west, while unaffiliated people are concentrated in the east, where they make up the majority of the population, and are significant in the north and west of the country, mainly in metropolitan areas. The systematic mass murder of Jews in German-occupied Europe began with the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union. . Germany has the third highest Sikh population in Europe after United Kingdom and Italy. "Confessionalization, community, and state building in Germany, 15551870. including African traditional religions. The Reformation demonstrated Luther's disagreement both with the way in which the higher clergy used and abused power, and with the very idea of a papacy. More than 1.2 million Muslims have made a new home for themselves in Germany since 2011. A 19978 estimate is of 4000 Bah's in Germany. This is mainly due to a German government policy which effectively grants an immigration opportunity to anyone from the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic states with Jewish heritage, and the fact that today's Germans are seen as more significantly accepting of Jews than many people in the ex-Soviet realm. Background. Religious structures built during the Carolingian period include the Palatine Chapel, Aachen, a surviving component of the Palace of Aachen built by architect Odo of Metz during the reign of Charlemagne.[16]. ", Spohn, Willfried. East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic, had a communist system which actively tried to reduce the influence of religion in society; the government restricted Christian churches and discriminated against Christians. The Center Party gained strength and became an ally of Bismarck, especially when he attacked socialism. According to the nonprofit Research Group Worldviews Germany, approximately 39 percent of the population either has no religious affiliation or belongs to religious groups not counted in government statistics. The German government provides information and warnings about cults, sects, and new religious movements. . "Religion and Working-Class Formation in Imperial Germany 18711914. ), electrification - total population: 100% (2020), installed generating capacity: 248.265 million kW (2020 est. [10] Christianity still has a notable presence in Western Germany, though a majority of the population in the northern states of Hamburg and Bremen are not registered members of the main Catholic and Protestant churches. Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 23.7%, Muslim 3.6%, other 4.8%, none 41.9% (2021 est.) Pietistic revivals were common among Protestants. Published by Statista Research Department , Feb 28, 2023. ", This page was last edited on 25 May 2023, at 14:43. In 1871, one-third of the population was Roman Catholic; in 2021 its membership was 26.0%. After World War II, Germany embarked on a quest to rebuild its economy, and an increasing demand for workers prompted the immigration of foreigners to the country. Other faiths have existed in the state, but never achieved the demographic significance and cultural impact of these denominations. )note: as of April 2023, Germany has closed its three remaining nuclear power plants, production: 114.86 million metric tons (2020 est. Between 10,000 and 20,000 Sikhs are living in Germany. [61] Therefore, the official church count may underestimate the actual number of people who consider themselves as Catholic or Protestant, as noted by the 2011 Census, which provides comparable data on the religious statistics based on self-identification[62] and the church register. ), number of registered air carriers: 20 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1,113annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 109,796,202 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 7,969,860,000 (2018) mt-km, 318note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the typical length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.), 221note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control, 37 km condensate, 26,985 km gas, 2,400 km oil, 4,479 km refined products, 8 km water (2013), total: 39,379 km (2020) 20,942 km electrified15 km 0.900-mm gauge, 24 km 0.750-mm gauge (2015), total: 830,000 km (2022) 830,000 kmpaved: 625,000 km (2022) (includes 13,155 km of expressways)note: includes local roads, 7,467 km (2012) (Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea), total: 592by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 72, general cargo 79, oil tanker 34, other 406 (2022), major seaport(s): Baltic Sea: Kiel, RostockNorth Sea: Bremerhaven, Brunsbuttel, Emden, Hamburg, Wilhelmshavenoil terminal(s): Brunsbuttel Canal terminalscontainer port(s) (TEUs): Bremen/Bremerhaven (5,018,900), Hamburg (8,715,000) (2021)LNG terminal(s) (import): Hamburg; Brunsbuettel (FSRU); Lubmin (FSRU); Wilhelmshaven (FSRU)river port(s): Bremen (Weser); Bremerhaven (Geeste); Duisburg, Karlsruhe, Neuss-Dusseldorf (Rhine); Lubeck (Wakenitz); Brunsbuttel, Hamburg (Elbe), Germany operates one PC 5 or 6 class icebreaker based in the North Atlanticnote - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm), Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe, includes air defense), Joint Support Service (Streitkraeftebasis, SKB), Central Medical Service (Zentraler Sanitaetsdienst, ZSanDstBw), Cyber and Information Space Command (Kommando Cyber und Informationsraum, Kdo CIR) (2023), 1.5% of GDP (2022 est. [43][need quotation to verify] In the 21st century, eastern German states, including the area of the former eastern capital, East Berlin, are less religious than western German states. Nowadays Germanic Heathenism (Germanisches Heidentum, or Deutschglaube for its peculiar German forms) has many organisations in the country, including the Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft (Communion of Germanic Faith), the Heidnische Gemeinschaft (Heathen Communion), the Verein fr germanisches Heidentum (Association for Germanic Heathenry), the Nornirs tt, the Eldaring, the Artgemeinschaft, the Armanen-Orden, and Thuringian Firne Sitte. A further 2.6% was affiliated to any other Christian denomination. This statistic displays the opinions of Germans on whether people of different . Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark, total: 357,022 sq kmland: 348,672 sq kmwater: 8,350 sq km, three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana, total: 3,694 kmborder countries (9): Austria 801 km; Belgium 133 km; Czechia 704 km; Denmark 140 km; France 418 km; Luxembourg 128 km; Netherlands 575 km; Poland 447 km; Switzerland 348 km, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind, lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south, highest point: Zugspitze 2,963 mlowest point: Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.5 mmean elevation: 263 m, coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land, agricultural land: 48% (2018 est. )0.893 (2019 est. If you want to keep track of the World Assembly Religions for Peace as it unfolds, visit our Instagram channel. [25], Chancellor Otto von Bismarck would not tolerate any base of power outside Germany and launched the Kulturkampf ("culture war") against the power of the pope and the Catholic Church. After the Reformation started by Martin Luther in the early 16th century, many people left the Catholic Church and became Protestant, mainly Lutheran and Calvinist. [37] This movement, especially promoted by Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler, remained relatively small and by 1939, 3.5% of Germans identified as Gottglubig; the overwhelming majority of 94.5% remained Protestant or Catholic, and only 1.5% did not profess any faith. "Religion and society in modern Germany.". Unlike religions like Islam, which first arrived in Germany in the 1600s, the history of Catholicism in . Decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court: Union of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany, Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc, were not affiliated with any church or religion, Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of the Russian Tradition in Western Europe, Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Moscow Patriarchate. Catholic bishops in Germany had historically been largely independent of Rome, but now the Vatican exerted increasing control, a new "ultramontanism" of Catholics highly loyal to Rome. By the end of the century, Germany's population is expected to fall to 74.73 million people. ), general assessment: with one of Europes largest telecom markets, Germany hosts a number of significant operators which offer effective competition in the mobile and broadband sectors; the German mobile market is driven by mobile data, with the number of mobile broadband subscribers having increased rapidly in recent years; with LTE now effectively universally available, considerable progress has recently been made in building out 5G networks (2022)domestic: 46 per 100 for fixed-line and 128 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2021)international: country code - 49;landing points for SeaMeWe-3, TAT-14, AC-1, CONTACT-3, Fehmarn Balt, C-Lion1,GC1, GlobalConnect-KPN, and Germany-Denmark 2 & 3 -submarinecables to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia; as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2019), a mixture of publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; 70 national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately owned national and regional TV stations; more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds of radio stations including multiple national radio networks, regional radio networks, and a large number of local radio stations, total: 75.53 million (2021 est. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 218.636 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Recently, antisemitic abuse against Jews in Germany has increased. Muslims make up 4.4. A curious fact is that Luther spoke a dialect which had minor importance in the German language of that time. Anthony J. Steinhoff, "Christianity and the creation of Germany," in Sheridan Gilley and Brian Stanley, eds.. Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (19932002) s.v. )expenditures: $1.945 trillion (2020 est. Northern Germany has traditionally been dominated by Protestantism, especially Lutheranism. )permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est. Germany's estimated Muslim population in 2010 was about 4.1 million, or about 5% of the total population. Macron, who won re-election just last year with 58.5 percent of the vote, saw his support plummet when he pushed through an increase in the retirement age to 64 from 62, touching off violent . [12][need quotation to verify]. The World Assembly will be opened by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier. )permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est. Distribution of religious and irreligious populations in Germany (2011 Church data), "German Christians" redirects here. The changes concerning schools, civil registry, marriage and religious disaffiliation remain in place today. - WorldAtlas What Languages are Spoken in Germany? The 2007-8 German Census using sampling estimated 56,000 Bah's in Germany. Roman Catholics (64.8%) Orthodox (11.8%) Greek Catholics (10.4%) followers of Judaism (9.8%) Protestants (2.6%) This represented over 99% of the population. 1 BvR 670/91, Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic tribes, Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC AD 16), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Germany&oldid=1156972115, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 2018, according to a study jointly conducted by, Bund Freier evangelischer Gemeinden 41,203 (2017), Orthodox Christians around 1.6 million (1.9%), Ukrainian Orthodox Eparchy of Western Europe 10,000. 37 percent of the total population, have . The area became fully Christianized by the time of Charlemagne in the eighth and ninth century. 30% of German youths stated belief in a personal god, 19% believe in some kind of supernatural power, 23% share agnostic views and 28% are atheists. ), 726.881 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2021 est. In 2020, there were more than 10,000 Druze living in Germany, with the largest concentration in Berlin and North Rhine-Westphalia. Peaceful coexistence Germany's basic law guarantees freedom of religion for all. Thomas Gensicke: Jugend und Religiositt. Pohlsander, Hans A. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2020 est. )exports: 2.317 million metric tons (2020 est. ), 3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est. Credit ratings prior to 1989 refer to West Germany. Definition: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. ), total: 17 yearsmale: 17 yearsfemale: 17 years (2020), total: 7%male: 7.2%female: 6.6% (2021 est. After the Shoah, only around 15,000 Jews were still living in Germany. note: data are in current year dollars$1.595 trillion (2019 est.) Harrington, Joel F., and Helmut Walser Smith. [99], Buddhists are the third largest group of believers in Germany after different religious denominations of Christianity and Islam. [3], In 2021, around 52.7% of the population were Christians among them 49.7% members of the two large Christian churches. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 2.63% (2021 est. [35], The national constitution of 1919 determined that the newly formed Weimar Republic had no state church, and guaranteed freedom of religion. )tide and wave: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. 54 percent of the German population have adopted Christianity as their religion. This number is mostly split between the Catholic Church and the Evangelical . Research expert covering the German market. 27% of the German population can also speak two foreign languages. Opposition to unification came from the "Old Lutherans" in Prussia and Silesia who followed the theological and liturgical forms they had followed since the days of Luther. In addition to religious beliefs and practices, the survey explores respondents' views on immigration, national identity and pluralism, and how religion is intertwined with attitudes on these issues. )consumption: 500.35 billion kWh (2020 est. [80] Southern Germany has a Catholic majority, but also a significant Lutheran Protestant population (especially in Northern Wrttemberg and some parts of Baden and Franconia (Northern Bavaria)), in contrast to the almost entirely Protestant Northern Germany. )forest: 31.8% (2018 est. )from petroleum and other liquids: 316.064 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. With the protestation of the Lutheran princes at the Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529) and rejection of the Lutheran "Augsburg Confession" at the Diet of Augsburg (1530), a separate Lutheran church emerged. After the Shoah, only around 15,000 Jews were still living in Germany. [47] With the decline of Christianity in the late 20th and early 21st century, accentuated in the east by the official atheism of the former German Democratic Republic, the northeastern states of Germany are now mostly not religious (70%), with many of the people living there being agnostics and atheists. , Nov 22, 2021 Key insights Population 83.79 million Detailed statistics Total population of Germany 2028 4.23 trillion U.S. dollars Detailed statistics Number of births in Germany 2021. Bismarck was also looking for greater parliamentary support after his alliance with the National Liberals ended over Bismarck's tariff changes and Social-Democrats emerged as new threat. According to the most recent data, Germany 's population is 84,270,625 (30 September 2022) [1] making it the most populous country in the European Union and the nineteenth-most populous country in the world. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. From 19 to 23 August Agathe from Kenya, Jaqueline from the Philippines, Jesslin from Indonesia, Merylene from South Africa and Linda and Riem from Germany will be reporting for you live from Lindau at Lake Constance. In 2019 the Catholic News Agency reported that the Catholic church in Germany had a net loss of 216,078 members the previous year. The largest Protestant church in Germany in the 1930s was the German Evangelical Church, comprised of 28 regional churches or Landeskirchen that included the three major theological traditions that had emerged from the Reformation: Lutheran, Reformed, and United. History of Catholicism in Germany. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 51.046 million tons (2015 est. Neopagan religions have been public in Germany at least since the 19th century. )1.45% (2019 est.). [6][2] Estimations for the percentage of Muslims vary between 3.6%[2] and 6.7%,[7][8] while much smaller religions include Buddhism, Judaism, Hinduism and Yazidism. ), total: 3.14 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 3.51 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 2.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. For some years now, German foreign policy has been open to impetus from civil society. (German)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. [18] The Holy Roman Empire became religiously diverse; for the most part, the states of northern and central Germany became Protestant (chiefly Lutheran, but also Calvinist/Reformed) while the states of southern Germany and the Rhineland largely remained Catholic. )solar: 9.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. That is around 5.4 to 5.7 percent of Germanys total population of 82.2 million people. Included members of any non-Christian religion living in East Germany. 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